The ecosystem of the forest and bushes of Doñana is made up of stabilised sands colonised by Mediterranean vegetation for the most part.

Divided into two great associations due to the humidity and height of the land above the aquifer level, they have been defined as wet shrub in the lowest and wetter places where heathers, gorses, ferns, and lings prevail. Dry shrub, characterized by rosemary, rockrose, furze and water mint, is located in the highest parts of the terrain.